Diabetes & Exercise
Diabetes Mellitus has rapidly become yet another major health concern for
people in the United States. Affecting more than 15 million Americans, diabetes
has taken its place as our sixth leading cause of death by disease (though
likely underreported).
As we continue to learn more about how diabetes affects the body, it has
become apparent that a medically supervised nutritional and exercise program,
combined with a sound base of knowledge, can greatly reduce the negative effects
of diabetes, and help the individual gain control of this potentially deadly
disease.
It's important that before the individual takes part in any exercise program;
his or her physician should be notified so that appropriate recommendations can
be made. This point is especially important to the diabetic, whose body must
maintain a constant state of balance.
Diabetes is characterized by a chronically elevated blood glucose
concentration and is further classified into two categories: Type I diabetes
which is caused by a lack of insulin, and Type 2 diabetes which is caused by the
body's resistance to insulin.
Type I, or insulin dependent diabetes, occurs primarily in the young and the
onset of signs or symptoms is rapid. To keep the blood glucose concentration
within normal limits, the Type I diabetic is dependent on insulin
injections.
Before beginning an exercise program the Type I diabetic should engage in a
complete medical examination. If the individual is over 30 years of age or has
had diabetes for 10 years or more, the exam will likely include a graded
diagnostic exercise test. This exam will help prevent the possible aggravation
of any retina, kidney, or peripheral nerve problems that may be present.
Emphasis should also be placed on gaining as much knowledge as possible about
the potential for blood glucose problems during and after exercise. The
individual should consult his physician regarding the need for self-management
of blood glucose since fluctuations during exercise are common.
While exercising, the Type I diabetic should increase fluid intake and
additionally carry along some form of a high carbohydrate snack. Proper
identification should be worn at all times during exercise and it is extremely
important that those around you are informed of your medical condition. Be sure
that exercise partners, friends, trainers and exercise specialists understand
your condition and are prepared to handle an emergency situation should one
arise.
Type 2, or non-insulin dependent diabetes, occurs later in life, usually
after the age of 40. The Type 2 diabetic typically has a variety of CAD risk
factors that can include: hypertension, hyperlipidemia (elevated cholesterol),
and obesity. It is for this reason that the Type 2 patient include diet and
exercise in their daily regimen. The increase in physical activity will help to
reduce body weight/fat while at the same time assist in controlling blood
glucose levels. The ability to control blood glucose can decrease, or in some
cases totally eliminate the need for insulin or other forms of diabetic
medication. Even though Type 2 diabetics do not experience the same erratic
fluctuations in blood glucose levels as do their Type I counterparts, it is
important that similar exercise guidelines be followed. Clear identification, a
quick source of carbohydrate and exercising in the presence of a qualified and
educated staff all help to minimize the chance of a negative response.
While a medically supervised exercise program can positively benefit the
long-term health of the diabetic, it is important that the communication between
patient and physician be consistent, clear and concise. Any and all guidelines
provided by your doctor regarding diet and exercise must be closely followed and
should also be shared with fitness professionals who will be assisting you. Your
physician should be notified of all responses to training whether they are
positive or negative. This can help him/her to track your progress and make
necessary changes or adjustments to your personal treatment plan.
- 20.8 million children and adults have diabetes in the United States. (14.6
million have been diagnosed. 6.2 million don't even know that they have it).
- 41 million people (age 40-74) have PRE-DIABETES, a condition where the blood
glucose reading is higher than normal but not yet high enough to warrant an
actual diabetes diagnosis.
- In the diabetic, heart attacks occur earlier in life and often result in
death.
- 65% of people with diabetes die of heart disease or stroke.
- Diabetes is most common in African-Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans and
Pacific Islanders.
- 9 out of 10 people with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes are overweight.
For more information about diabetes, log onto the American Diabetes
Association website at www.Diabetes.org
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